البصمة الوراثية

What is the genetic fingerprint
DNA Genetic fingerprint is unique feature that is unique to each organism at the level of its genetic material. It is recognized that all living things and that includes rights in the first place, each with a different individual from that of how the concatenation or give rise to the nucleotides that make up its genetic material known as DNA molecule DNA molecule. Perhaps it's strange and striking in the composition of the DNA molecule is that genes do not represent only about 5% of the composition only, while the rest are considered genetically ineffective and this sometimes to differentiate between our nation scrap Junk DNA.
This new technology now known by several names, including fingerprinting and genetic features of DNA and DNA profiling DNA profiling DNA typing and DNA analysis and DNA testing Tbesim DNA DNA fingerprinting, however, that the term features of DNA is the term most popular these days. It is worth mentioning that this technique is based on the variability present in sequences of repeated DNA Nyukluoteidat in different regions by the satellite system known as DNA Satellite DNA. Almtakerrat These areas are mostly found in areas Alsntromerat or upon the ends of chromosomes, but found in other areas along the chromosome.
The consequences of DNA can be classified into two types Satellites DNA presidents are very important in the concept of DNA: -
• disciples medium Minisatellites a Nyukliotidip high frequency sequences composed of 10 to 100 pairs Nyukliotidi repeated thousands of times and these disciples are often stationed at the ends of chromosomes Telomeres. Such disciples know Palmtakerrat varying number tandem Variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs). This type of variation in Almtakerrat no longer used in operations Altbesim genetic.
• disciples minute Microsatellites are short sequences Nyukliotidip consisting of 2 to 6 base pairs are repeated many times and this varies in length from one individual to another and are located in different regions of the DNA molecule, known as short tandem Almtakerrat Short tandem repeats (STRs). This type of short tandem Almtakerrat STRs are used at the present time Altbesim genetic operations. Worth noting that the word short Short is very important here as it refers to a small number of nucleotides in tandem repetition Diversity in the Almtakerrat short tandem in the number of nucleotides and the number of repeated recurrence of such nucleotides, and the different frequency among individuals homozygous homozygous homozygous and Mtbaini.
We can say that frequency Alnyukliotidi four Tetranucleotide repeats is the most commonly used in genetic processes Altbesim and repeat AGAT are the most targeted tracking of specialists in Tbesim DNA.
The scientists today know more than 8000 type of short tandem Almtakerrat STRs, and distributed along the chromosomes of humans. Perhaps the most important thing to understand is to know nucleotides immediately preceding or immediately after such a short tandem Almtakerrat This is known scientifically areas wings Flanking regions. The knowledge areas winged means knowing prefixes Primers required and necessary to amplify the Amplification and propagation of these short tandem Almtakerrat during the process of DNA amplification using the technology known as polymerase chain reaction Polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

How does DNA
In order to understand how DNA works to be addressed and a summary of the nature of the gene Gene, as well as what is known as short tandem Palmtakerrat Short tandem repeats (STRs): -
• The nature of the gene: Everyone knows that the human has 46 chromosomes are known as crop genetic or human genome Human genome. This crop, half of the genetic inherited from the father and the other half inherited from the mother, in the sense that the father contributed to 23 Krmusumaa and the mother contributed with 23 chromosomes. If a person is determined by attributes based on what he inherited from his family, it means that the father contributes by genes Gene and the mother contribute by genes of each recipe acquire this individual, ie more accurate that each gene is inherited from the father should have a counterpart inherited from the mother and two Morthan must be found on the same At the same chromosome location Locus, every gene consists of two isotopes or Olilin One gene = two alleles. If this similarity Alolelan completely in terms of sequence and the same effect Alnyukliotidi told them identical Homologous, and if a difference in the chain Alnyukliotidi and influence was their Mtgayeran Heterologous. Gene function, which overwhelm the other say the Dominant gene dominant gene, which inhibit the function is said by the recessive gene Recessive. Since genes do not concern us much in the concept of DNA more locations where there are consequences of DNA Satellites DNA of this must be emphasized that genes constitute only 5% of the total crop genetic or genome, while the rest of the genetic material present us with what is known, we want to scrap Junk DNA.